![]() Both the cold cabbage leaves and hot and cold compress procedures were equally effective in decreasing breast engorgement ( P = 0.07) as shown in Table 2. ![]() Both the treatments, i.e., hot and cold compress and cabbage leaves, were effective in decreasing breast engorgement and pain in postnatal mothers ( P ≤ 0.001) as shown in Table 1. GEE was used to compare the correlated responses for the posttreatment scores for both the outcome variables between the two groups and to compare the pre- and posttreatment scores within the groups. By using the student,s t test, no difference was noted between the groups with regard to the pretreatment scores of breast engorgement and pain. The two groups were homogeneous with regard to alldemographic and obstetric variables as analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact test except for breastfeeding for which adjusted analysis using generalized estimating equations (GEE) was performed. The statistical analysis was performed using the software STRATA. The data obtained was processed in MS Excel sheet. Breast engorgement was measured using a six-point breast engorgement scale,( 2) and the pain score was assessed using a numerical rating pain scale. The pre- and posttreatment scores of breast engorgement and pain were recorded after each treatment session. The duration of each intervention was 30 min. This method was applied six times on each subject. Both the treatments were performed three times a day for two continuous days. Cold cabbage leaves were placed inside the women's brassiere for 30 min. Cabbage leaves were refrigerated in the freezer for approximately 20–30 min prior to the procedure. After the completion of the first phase, the next 30 mothers in the experimental group were administered cold cabbage leaf treatment for relieving breast engorgement. The temperature of water for hot compress ranged between 43☌ and 46☌, and that for cold compress ranged between 10☌ and 18☌ as assessed by alotion thermometer. ![]() Alternate warm moist sponge cloths and cold compresses were applied to the engorged breasts the cloths were replaced frequently after 1–2 min. ![]() In the first phase, first 30 mothers in the control group were administered alternate hot and cold compresses. The identification data and obstetric characteristics of each subject were recorded in a validated subject data sheet. The subjects were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and informed consent was then obtained from them. Mothers with infection in the breasts, breast abscess, mastitis, broken skin of breasts, bleeding or cracked nipples A study on the efficacy of cabbage leaves can contribute to provide evidence for introducing this intervention in clinical practice thus, we conducted the present study. Very few researches have been conducted tomonitor the effect of cabbage leaves on breast engorgement with inconclusive and conflicting results. Breast pain during breastfeeding is a common problem that interferes with successful breastfeeding leading to exclusive abandonment of breastfeeding.( 1) Over the years, numerous strategies for the treatment of this problem have been employed such as kangaroo care, fluid limitation, binding the breasts or wearing a tight brassiere, hot and cold compresses, and application of cabbage leaves. Breast engorgement is a physiological condition that is characterized by painful swelling of the breasts as a result of a sudden increase in milk volume, lymphatic and vascular congestion, and interstitial edema during the first two weeks following childbirth this condition is caused by insufficient breastfeeding and/or obstruction in milk ducts.
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